> We still don't know for sure absolutely.
If we go down the skeptics' route, we can't know anything absolutely (except that we exist yada yada). But we still have to function in the real world, so we assume the most consistent observations will never change. From those observations, we extract the axioms, on which we build the tower of conclusions.
> we can't know anything absolutely (except that we exist yada yada).
Well we only know that if we 'think'.
Mathematics diverges from reality with infinites... That is where the trouble with axioms starts.
You can do plenty of finite mathematics just fine.
Infinities only play a role in some parts of mathematics.
Infinity is fully real, in fact it’s the very nature of the finite to pass over into infinity
I dare you to formulate a version of quantum mechanics without it.
Quantum mechanics makes very good predictions.
That talks more to how humans think than to what nature is. It is almost a philosophical debate but I feel gut instinct infinities are not really in nature.
Sure you can draw a good circle and say the ratio is Pi and that number encodes infinite information (albeit at high entropy) but to me that Pi is an algorithm for computing better and better approximations to a perfect circle, an object absent from nature.
I don't know QM but I suspect it is the same. It is our mental model. Using infinities is our concept. To me infinite things are algorithms (i.e. as X tends to infinity... Tends being an important word)
Pi very definitely does not encode infinite information. As you notice, we can write a very short computer program that will produce all the digits of pi (eventually).
In any case, you can do lots and lots of mathematics with either only finite objects, or if you allow limits as you suggest, you can do almost all of math.
Only a vanishingly small part of math deals with actual infinities in a way that cannot be re-written in terms of limits.
I thought it encoded all information but the catch is the index into it contains as much information as what you are trying to get out so it is effectively a very slow, negatively efficient zip format.
That's basically equivalent to saying that the natural numbers encode all information [0], it's just that the index to say which natural number you mean is rather long.
However for natural numbers, the 'decompression' is very fast. Much faster than for Pi.
[0] You can make this precise via Bijective Numeration https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijective_numeration to handle leading zeroes nicely.
That's right. But it does give a feel for what infinity is to our finite minds. It ain't just big numbers. It's all computation! (For a certain definition of computation)
Enumerating the natural numbers is only a single trivial computation. Enumerating the digits of Pi is a bit more involved, but it ain't universal, either.