> Oral exams because it becomes obvious how skilled they are, how deep their knowledge is.
Assuming you have access to a computer lab, have you considered requiring in-class programming exercises, regularly? Those could be a good way of checking actual skills.
> Maybe providing the IDE online and observing copy-paste is a way forward. I just don't like the tendency that students can't run software on their own computers.
And you'll frustrate the handful of students who know what they're doing and want to use a programmer's editor. I know that I wouldn't have wanted to type a large pile of code into a web anything.
> I know that I wouldn't have wanted to type a large pile of code into a web anything.
I might not have liked that, but I sure would have liked to see my useless classmates being forced to learn without cheating.
You can provide vscode, vim and emacs all in some web interface, and those are plenty good enough for those use cases. Choosing the plugin list for each would also be a good bikeshedding exercise for the department.
Even IntelliJ has gateway
> Even IntelliJ has gateway
By IntelliJ's own (on-machine) standards, Gateway is crap. I use the vi emulation mode (using ideavim) and the damn thing gets out of sync unless you type at like 20wpm or something. Then it tries to rollback whatever you type until you restart it and retry. I can't believe it is made by the same Jetbrains known for their excellent software.