Thing is, if you store delta change from one frame to another, then pixels which aren't changed are just zeroes. Compressing zero sequences is the most trivial exercise for lossless compression and unlike the bloom filter, it has no false positives.
I can see bloom filters as part of a complicated hybrid strategy compressor. The more tools on the belt of such a compressor, the better, but I don't think it'll improve things much on average.
The comparison is: for your use case, which is better? Decompress and matrix sum or grab keys and increment individual values?
There's some flexibility for how one would do that second increment, but of course naively it might look like constructing a sparse matrix and summing so that feels pretty similar. But the flexibility might be nice in some cases, and bloom filters are an extremely space efficient representation with arbitrarily low false positive rate